indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
sword (esp. a large, double-edged one); blade; bayonet; swordsmanship; stinger; ovipositor
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
blade; sword; forged blade; wavy pattern on forged blades; sharpness; unhulled rice
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
other; another; over; more than; I; me
summons; summonsing; citation; subpoena; arraigning; calling
dragon (as depicted in Western myths)
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
effect; effectiveness; efficacy; effects (e.g. sound effects, visual effects, special effects)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
prefix for forming ordinal numbers
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
god; deity; incredible; fantastic; (arch.) Emperor (of Japan); (arch.) thunder
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
level; standard; level (plane); floor; spirit level; (surveyor's) level
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
hour; o'clock; (specified) time; when ...; during ...
younger brother; little brother; brother-in-law (spouse's younger brother or younger sister's husband); (arch.) pupil; (arch.) apprentice
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence