what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
honorific/polite/humble prefix
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to read; to recite (e.g. a sutra); to chant; to predict; to guess; to decipher; to count
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
summer vacation; summer holiday
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to end; to come to an end; to close; to finish
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to take lessons in; to be taught; to learn (from a teacher); to study (under a teacher); to get training in
should (be); bound (to be); nock (of a bow); nock (of an arrow); nock-shaped grip (between thumb and forefinger); wooden frame on the tip of the mast of a Japanese ship that prevents the hawser from falling out
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
katakana; angular Japanese syllabary used primarily for loanwords
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to master (a skill); proprietor; manager; leader; chief; master (of arts, science, etc.); master (recording)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
small quantity; little; little while; short distance
to grow up; to become an adult
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
beautiful; pretty; lovely; sweet; pure (heart, friendship, etc.)
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
growth; development; growing up; growth (of a company, the economy, etc.)
something like ...; something called ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
congratulations!; well done!; best wishes!; all the best!
myself; yourself; I; me; you
birth; creation; formation
sense; sensation; feeling; intuition
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
to memorize; to memorise; to learn; to pick up; to feel; to think
difficult; hard; impossible; unfeasible; fussy; particular; gloomy
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
to open (a door, etc.); to unwrap (e.g. parcel, package); to open (for business, etc.); to empty; to remove; to move out; to clear out
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)