indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
than; from; out of; except; but; more
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
time; hour; period; class
room; chamber; apartment; flat; stable
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
what kind of; what sort of; what; no matter what (kind of); whatever; any
surely; undoubtedly; sternly; severely; having no slack; rigid
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
to forget; to leave carelessly; to be forgetful of; to forget about; to forget (an article)
to; for; from the standpoint of; as far as ... is concerned
name; given name; first name
end; conclusion; last; final; no sooner than; once