here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
hospital; clinic; doctor's office; doctor's surgery; infirmary
restaurant (esp. Western-style)
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
two persons; two people; pair; couple
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
letter; missive; note; mail
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
please (give me); please (do for me)
(face) mask; (facial) features; looks; mask (e.g. for circuit etching)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to become hungry; to get an empty stomach
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
ball; ball (pitch that falls outside of the strike zone); bowl; board (cardboard, pasteboard, etc.)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
child; kid; (one's) child; offspring; young (animal); young woman; offshoot
textbook; coursebook; schoolbook
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
(not) anywhere; nowhere; everywhere; anywhere