this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
cat (esp. the domestic cat, Felis catus); shamisen; geisha; wheelbarrow; clay bed-warmer; bottom; submissive partner of a homosexual relationship
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
photograph; photo; picture; moving picture; movie
various; all sorts of; variety of; (arch.) various colors (colours)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
video (esp. digital); video clip; animation; animated cartoon; in-betweens (animation)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
while; during; while; although; all; both
to talk; to speak; to tell; to explain; to speak (a language)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
to stand; to rise; to find oneself (e.g. in a difficult position); to depart (on a plane, train, etc.)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
certainly; of course; even if; no matter (who, what, when, where, why, how); without even; without so much as; at the (least, earliest, etc.)
to sit; to squat; to assume (a position); to hold steady; to hold still
now; the present time; just now; another; more
chair; stool; post; office; position
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to sleep (lying down); to go to bed; to lie in bed; to lie down; to sleep (with someone, i.e. have intercourse); to lie flat (e.g. of hair); to lie idle (of funds, stock, etc.)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to close one's eyes; to lower one's eyelids; to shut one's eyes; to die; to breathe one's last
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
counter for small animals; counter for rolls of cloth (two han in size); (arch.) counter for horses; roll of cloth
to play (games, sports); to enjoy oneself; to mess about (with alcohol, gambling, philandery, etc.); to be idle; to do nothing; to meet up (with friends); to hang out
television; TV; TV program; TV programme; TV broadcast
how; in what way; how about
photography (still or motion); photographing; filming; shooting; (video) recording
to talk; to chat; to chatter
study; diligence; discount; reduction