indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
grandfather; male senior-citizen
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
grandmother; old woman; female senior citizen
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
daughter; girl (i.e. a young, unmarried woman)
crane (any bird of the family Gruidae, esp. the red-crowned crane, Grus japonensis)
town; block; street; road; 109.09 m; 0.99 hectares
cloth; bujian (spade-shaped bronze coin of ancient China)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
definitely; absolutely; absolute; unconditional; absoluteness
please (give me); please (do for me)
girl; daughter; baby girl; young woman
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
to open (a door, etc.); to unwrap (e.g. parcel, package); to open (for business, etc.); to empty; to remove; to move out; to clear out
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
door (Western-style, car, etc.)
two persons; two people; pair; couple
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
to save; to rescue; to help; to assist; to support (financially); to contribute (to)
promise; agreement; convention; rule; destiny; fate
to fall (of rain, snow, ash, etc.); to come down; to form (of frost); to beam down (of sunlight or moonlight); to pour in; to visit (of luck, misfortune, etc.)
one day; (on) a certain day
piece(s) of firewood (esp. chopped or split from logs); kindling (twigs, branches, etc.); firewood
requital of a favour (favor); repayment (of an obligation, kindness, etc.)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least