indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
tortoise; turtle; heavy drinker; turtle crest; turtle mon
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
rabbit; hare; coney; cony; lagomorph (esp. leporids)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays