cold (e.g. weather); uninteresting (esp. joke); lame; dull
January; first month of the lunar calendar
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
pregnancy; conception; gestation
daughter; girl (i.e. a young, unmarried woman)
at that time; at that moment; then; on that occasion
incident; affair; happening; event
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
from now; from the present moment; from this time forward; henceforth
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
story; tale; talk; discussion
concerning; regarding; per (e.g. 100 yen per person); for every
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
number one; first; best; most; game; round
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
various; all sorts of; variety of; (arch.) various colors (colours)
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
having a headache; racking one's brains; troubling over something
to strike against; to collide with; to encounter; to meet; to clash
bang; bam; noontime signal gun (carried out early Meiji to Taishō); noon gun; last round in a game of 12 rounds; precisely
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
injury; wound; mistake; accident; loss
to fall down; to fall over; to turn out; to play out; to abandon Christianity (and convert to Buddhism); to apostatize
embankment; bank; beef sinew stewed in miso and mirin
painful; sore; cringy; embarrassing; exceeding
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
theme; topic; subject matter; motif; project; slogan
video (esp. digital); video clip; animation; animated cartoon; in-betweens (animation)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays