indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
umbrella; parasol; something shaped like an umbrella or a conical hat; shade (of a lamp); mushroom cap
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
rain; rainy day; rainy weather; the November suit (in hanafuda)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
to fall (of rain, snow, ash, etc.); to come down; to form (of frost); to beam down (of sunlight or moonlight); to pour in; to visit (of luck, misfortune, etc.)
Fukuoka (city, prefecture)
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
to live (of humans); to reside; to inhabit; to dwell; to abide
weather; the elements; fair weather; fine weather
leather boots; rubber boots; wellingtons; wellies; long boots; high boots
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
necessary; needed; essential; necessity; need; requirement
normal; ordinary; normally; ordinarily; local train; train that stops at every station
foot; paw; leg; gait; pace; bottom structural component (i.e. radical) of a kanji; means of transportation
to wear (in modern Japanese, from the shoulders down); to put on; to bear (guilt, etc.)
to play (games, sports); to enjoy oneself; to mess about (with alcohol, gambling, philandery, etc.); to be idle; to do nothing; to meet up (with friends); to hang out
to avoid (physical contact with); to avoid (situation); to ward off; to avert; to put aside; to move out of the way
instead of; in place of; as a substitute for; in exchange for; in return for; to make up for
to go out (e.g. on an excursion or outing); to leave; to depart; to be about to leave; to be just going out
shoe; shoes; boots; footwear; footgear
to put on (lower-body clothing, e.g. pants, skirt, footwear); to wear; to affix (a sword to one's hip); (arch.) to affix (a bowstring to a bow)
to cease; to stop; to be over
whirling; revolving; coiling around; winding around; working tirelessly; working hard