at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
to drink; to gulp; to smoke (tobacco); to engulf; to overwhelm; to keep down; to suppress
to run; to run (of a vehicle); to drive; to rush (to); to dash; to retreat; to flee
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
to talk; to speak; to tell; to explain; to speak (a language)
book; volume; this; present; main; head
a lot; lots; enough; sufficient; enough; too many
telephone call; phone call; telephone (device); phone
sometimes; occasionally; at times; seasonal; of the season; appropriate (for the season or occasion)
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
concerning; regarding; per (e.g. 100 yen per person); for every
slowly; unhurriedly; easily (e.g. in time); well; well (e.g. sleep); comfortably
to be (in contrast to something that is not the case)
quiet; silent; slow; unhurried; calm; peaceful
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not
story; tale; talk; discussion
three; three years of age
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend