indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
tanuki (Nyctereutes procyonoides); raccoon dog; sly dog; sly old fox; sly fox
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
grandmother; old woman; female senior citizen
grandfather; male senior-citizen
rabbit; hare; coney; cony; lagomorph (esp. leporids)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
dango; dumpling (usu. sweet); ball-shaped object; something round; lump; group
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
mountain; hill; mine (e.g. coal mine); heap; pile; crown (of a hat); thread (of a screw)
grass; weed; (arch.) ninja; not genuine; substandard; LOL
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
field (for fruits, vegetables, etc.); cultivated land; field (of specialization); sphere; womb; birth
rope; cord; policeman's rope
ticktock; chinking (e.g. of a hammer against rock); knocking; dry and hard; (frozen) stiff; hidebound
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
tender; kind; gentle; graceful; affectionate; amiable
to help; to assist; to aid; to contribute to; to be a factor in
to untie; to unfasten; to unsew; to unstitch; to solve; to work out; to dispel (misunderstanding, etc.)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
in that way; thus; so; so?
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to deep-fry
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
ship; boat; tank; tub; counter for boat-shaped containers (e.g. of sashimi)
injury; wound; mistake; accident; loss
delicious; tasty; sweet; attractive; appealing; convenient
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as