indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
honorific/polite/humble prefix
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
to talk; to speak; to tell; to explain; to speak (a language)
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
next; following; subsequent; stage; station
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
concerning; regarding; per (e.g. 100 yen per person); for every
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
to buy; to purchase; to value; to have a high opinion; to stir; to provoke
remainder; remnant; (not) very; (not) much; too much; excessively
morning; breakfast; (arch.) next morning
disagreeable; detestable; unpleasant; reluctant
clothes (esp. Western clothes); counter for doses of medicine, gulps of tea, drags of a cigarette, etc.
cooking; cookery; cuisine; dealing with something; handling; administration
cooperation; collaboration
various; all sorts of; variety of; (arch.) various colors (colours)
to wash; to cleanse; to inquire into; to investigate; to purify (one's heart); to lave (e.g. shore)
cleaning; sweeping; dusting; scrubbing
for example; for instance; e.g.
shopping; purchased goods
hello; good day; good afternoon
story; tale; talk; discussion
the end; closing; being done for; that's it; that's enough; that's all
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need