indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
next; following; subsequent; stage; station
end; conclusion; last; final; no sooner than; once
first (of all); firstly; probably; most likely; more or less (satisfactory); on the whole
a lot; lots; enough; sufficient; enough; too many
all; entire; whole; altogether
red; crimson; Red; communist; (arch.) beautiful
to draw; to paint; to depict; to describe; to picture in one's mind; to imagine
blue; azure; green; pale; gray; unripe
red; crimson; red-containing colour (e.g. brown, pink, orange); Red (i.e. communist); red light (traffic); red ink (i.e. in finance or proof-reading); (in) the red
blue; azure; green; green light (traffic); black (horse coat color); blue 5-point card; immature
green; greenery (esp. fresh verdure)
the end; closing; being done for; that's it; that's enough; that's all
delicious; tasty; sweet; attractive; appealing; convenient
to mix; to stir; to blend
purple; violet; Lithospermum erythrorhizon (species of gromwell); type of soy sauce
yellow; high-pitched (voice); shrill
apple (fruit); apple tree (Malus pumila)
mumbling; chewing one's words; chewing (food); squirming; wriggling
Japanese chestnut (Castanea crenata)
paint; coloring materials; colors; colours
melon (esp. a muskmelon, Cucumis melo)
mandarin (esp. the satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu)); mandarin orange; tangerine; citrus (Citrus spp.)
seven; seven years of age; four o'clock (old time system)