this occasion; at this time; now
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
use; application; employment; utilization; utilisation
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
user's manual; instruction manual; operation manual
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
to read; to recite (e.g. a sutra); to chant; to predict; to guess; to decipher; to count
continuously in some state (for a long time, distance); throughout; much (better, etc.); by far; far away; long ago
right; correct; proper; righteous; just
tender; kind; gentle; graceful; affectionate; amiable
to deal with (a person); to treat; to deal with (a problem); to handle; to operate (e.g. a machine); to handle; to deal in
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
because of; on account of; regarding; per; apiece
returned goods; returning purchased goods
exchange; interchange; switching; reciprocity; barter; substitution
to accept; to receive (an application); to (be able to) take (food, medicine, etc.); to bear; to be affected by; to take damage from
acknowledgement; acknowledgment; understanding (e.g. "please be understanding of the mess during our renovation"); noting
please (give me); please (do for me)
sudden; abrupt; urgent; pressing; steep; sharp; rapid
pout; displeasure; ill humor; ill humour; sullenness
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
(for something) to have occurred; to have done (something); (for something) to happen on occasion
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
and yet; though; when; in spite of
to throw; to fling; to hurl; to neglect; to abandon; to leave alone
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to get angry; to get mad; to tell someone off; to scold; to be angular; to be square
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
I'm sorry; my apologies; may I come in?; permission; leave; dismissal
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
to learn by experience; to learn one's lesson; to learn the hard way; to be discouraged (by); to have enough (of); to be disgusted (with)
the very end; finish; to the very end; to the last; thoroughly
to associate with; to keep company with; to go out with; to go along with; to follow someone's lead; to accompany someone
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to deep-fry