indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
myself; yourself; I; me; you
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
now; the present time; just now; another; more
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
only; merely; approximately; about; just (finished, etc.); as if to; (as though) about to
surely; undoubtedly; sternly; severely; having no slack; rigid
meaning; significance; sense
to face; to go towards; to head towards
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
mind; heart; spirit; the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)
to stand; to rise; to find oneself (e.g. in a difficult position); to depart (on a plane, train, etc.)
definitely; absolutely; absolute; unconditional; absoluteness
this time; now; next time; another time; recently; lately
it is ... that ...; precisely; although; while; it is precisely because ... that ...; only because ...
for the first time; only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ...; first time; (one's) first
should; must; -able; probably; likely
somewhere; anywhere; in some respects