opinion; point of view; visual point
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
in that way; thus; so; so?
to say; to speak; to tell; to talk
surprise; astonishment; wonder; amazement
so much (something) as to (e.g. so moved as to cry); overwhelmed; carried away; because of too much
to become speechless; to be at a loss for words
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
I; me; personal (affairs, etc.); private; selfishness; partiality
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
don't you think?; indicates question
to believe; to believe in; to place trust in; to confide in; to have faith in
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
as if it were about oneself
to be delighted; to be glad; to congratulate; to gratefully accept
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
immediately; right away; at once; instantly
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to convey; to report; to transmit; to communicate; to tell; to impart
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to come true (of a wish, prayer, etc.); to be realized; to suit (e.g. a purpose); to meet (wishes, ideals, etc.); to match (implies competition); to rival
rank; place (e.g. first place); decimal place; counter for ghosts
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
on the occasion of; circumstances; juncture
territory (of country, feudal domain, etc.); (arch.) counter for suits of clothing, sets of armor, etc.
to be awarded (e.g. a prize); to be given an award; to be gifted or endowed (e.g. with a talent); to be blessed (e.g. with a child); to be initiated (e.g. into a secret)
now; the present time; just now; another; more
control; management (e.g. of a business)