to rub; to chafe; to strike (match); to lose (e.g. a match); to forfeit; to squander one's money (e.g. through gambling, Pachinko, etc.)
to erase; to delete; to turn off (power); to switch off; to extinguish; to put out
diffusion; spread; popularization; promulgation; familiarization
great antiquity; old-fashioned; long ago
valuable article; valuables
direct; immediate; personal; firsthand
treatment; service; handling (of a machine, tool, etc.); operation; treating as; treating like
young child; toddler; child over 1 but not yet of school age
infatuation; adoration; blind love; doting (on a child)
exaggeration; overstatement; saying too much; misstatement; slip of the tongue; gaffe
intended for ...; oriented towards ...; aimed at ...
junior high school student; middle school pupil
to let (someone) hear; to tell (e.g. a story); to make (someone) listen; to make (someone) understand; to grip (someone) with skilful singing, storytelling, etc.; to hold (someone) enchanted by
to guide; to lead; to show the way; to derive; to deduce
sales; selling; marketing
to pollute; to contaminate; to soil; to disgrace; to dishonour; to dishonor
luxury grocery item (e.g. alcohol, coffee, tea, tobacco); indulgence; something consumed for taste or stimulant effect rather than nourishment
to the end; to the bitter end; to the last; after all; it must be remembered; only
general; popular; common; typical
papermaking; paper manufacture
technology; engineering; technique; skill; art; craft
unripe; green; inexperienced; immature; unskilled
civilization; civilisation; culture; Bunmei era (1469.4.28-1487.7.20)
level; standard; level (plane); floor; spirit level; (surveyor's) level
to draw a conclusion; to conclude; to settle on
low (rank, degree, value, content, quality, etc.); low (position); close to the ground; short (height); deep (voice); in a low key
to be decided; to be settled; to be unchanging; to be the same (as always); to be a fixed rule; to be destined; to be well executed (of a manoeuvre in a sport, game, etc.)
air con; air conditioner; air conditioning
equipment; device; installation; stage setting
air conditioning; air cooling
to furnish with; to equip with; to prepare for; to make preparations for; to possess (all that is needed); to be endowed with
to keep; to preserve; to hold; to last; to endure; to keep well (food)
environment; circumstance
retention; maintenance; preservation
(not) ever; (not) by any means; (not) in the least; (not) in any way; (not) at all
mismatched; odd; irregular; inconsistent; incoherent; confused