at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
turning into a cooler state; cooling down
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
severe; strict; hard (to do); difficult; intense (e.g. cold); harsh (weather)
January; first month of the lunar calendar
middle of a month; second third of a month; 11th to 20th day of a month
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to face; to go towards; to head towards
on the way; en route; in the middle of; midway; halfway
side (of something, or taking someone's side); part; (watch) case
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
notebook computer; laptop
startup; booting up; activation; starting (e.g. engine, computer); launch
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
irresponsible; perfunctory; lukewarm; half-baked; reasonable; moderate
service station; gas station; shortstop; sporty sedan; steamship; SS; Secret Service
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
to tell; to inform; to announce; to indicate; to signal; to mark
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
very; greatly; immense; enormous; serious; grave
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
this time; now; next time; another time; recently; lately
card (information, filing, etc.); card (greetings, congratulations, etc.); (Western) playing cards; credit card; debit card; match; game
function; facility; faculty; feature