indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
lodging; inn; house; home; home of a servant's parents (or guarantor, etc.)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
small quantity; little; little while; short distance
tension; mental strain; nervousness
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to run; to run (of a vehicle); to drive; to rush (to); to dash; to retreat; to flee
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to think hard; to brood over; to worry too much (about); to torment oneself (with the thought of)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
proposal; proposition; suggestion
to nod; to bow one's head in assent; to agree
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
first of all; to begin with; probably; most likely; more or less (satisfactory); on the whole
to have a meal; to take a meal
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that
town; block; downtown; main street; street; road
restaurant (esp. Western-style)
reserving (for exclusive use); (full) booking; chartering; block reservation
room; chamber; apartment; flat; stable
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
quiet; silent; slow; unhurried; calm; peaceful
environment; circumstance
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
silence (not speaking); muteness
as it is; as one likes; because; condition; state
to advance; to go forward; to precede; to go ahead (of); to make progress; to improve; to deepen
natural; understandable; reasonable; no wonder
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
next (to); adjoining; adjacent; house next door; neighbouring house; next-door neighbour
companion; fellow; group; company; member of the same category (family, class)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already