indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
town; block; downtown; main street; street; road
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
next (to); adjoining; adjacent; house next door; neighbouring house; next-door neighbour
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
war; fighting; fierce competition
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to start; to begin; to challenge; to pick (a fight); to set (traps); to plant (explosives)
opponent; rival; adversary; menace; danger; threat
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
preparation; arrangements; provision; getting ready; laying out (e.g. a meal)
3000; three thousand; many
to cross over; to cross; to pass through; to exceed; to surpass; to be more (than)
(common) soldier; rank and file; army; troops; warfare; strategy
moreover; furthermore; nevertheless; and yet
hero; heroine; Eroica Symphony (Beethoven, 1804); Heroic Polonaise (Chopin)
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
excess; surplus; superabundance; overabundance
war potential; military strength; fighting power; ability (to compete); capabilities; valuable asset
demon; devil; evil spirit; monster; goblin; apparition
body; physique; shape; form; substance; identity; field
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
to be full; to wax (e.g. moon); to rise (e.g. tide); to mature; to expire
difference; variation; difference
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
state of affairs (around you); situation; circumstances
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
to do one's best; to put forth every effort
to break; to smash; to defeat; to destroy; to eliminate
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
victory; triumph; conquest; success; win
to celebrate; to congratulate; to present (a gift) in celebration; to drink in celebration; to wish for (a happy future, good fortune, etc.); to pray for
victory celebration party; victory banquet
holding (a conference, exhibition, etc.); opening; hosting (e.g. the Olympics)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you