indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
period; epoch; the times; those days; oldness; ancientness
fluttering; flapping; (arch.) flickering (light, flame, etc.); frill; piece of thin material
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
far away; far off; far; long ago; long before
above ground; on the ground; earth's surface; this world; this earth
to swoop down upon; to fly down; to alight
to rain incessantly; to downpour
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
beautiful; pretty; lovely; sweet; pure (heart, friendship, etc.)
glittering; sparkling; glistening; twinkling
reflection; reverberation; reflex; reflexes
while; during; while; although; all; both
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
accurate; correct; precise; exact
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
small quantity; little; little while; short distance
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
change; variation; variety; diversity; inflection; declension
figure; form; appearance; dress; state; condition
normal; usual; ordinary; everyday
another; one more; not quite; not very good; lacking
creation; Creation (by God)
to float; to be suspended; to rise to the surface; to appear; to come to mind; to have inspiration
silver; silver colour; (fig.) snow
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to shine; to glitter; to sparkle
to shine on; to illuminate; to compare (with); to refer to
to fall (of rain, snow, ash, etc.); to come down; to form (of frost); to beam down (of sunlight or moonlight); to pour in; to visit (of luck, misfortune, etc.)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
flower; blossom; cherry blossom; beauty; blooming (esp. of cherry blossoms); ikebana; hanafuda
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
to resemble; to look like; to be like; to be alike; to be similar; to take after
people; men and women; each person; everybody
snow, moon, and flowers; beauty of the four seasons (from a poem by Bai Juyi)