millennium; one thousand years; (fig.) long time
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
growing en masse in one location (of plants); living gregariously (of animals); living in flocks, herds, colonies, etc.; all animate creation
wood; woods; forest; bunch (of something); cluster; line
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to spread (out); to extend; to stretch; to reach to; to get around; to fill (e.g. a space)
island; one's territory (e.g. of a sex worker, organized crime gang); one's turf
because ...; for ...; the reason being ...; as for ...; when it comes to ...; regarding ...
tree; shrub; bush; wood; timber
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
branches and leaves; foliage; unimportant details; nonessentials; side issue
toxin; poisonous substance
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
miasma; noxious form of "bad air" formerly believed to cause diseases
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
absorption; suction; attraction
(tree) trunk; (arrow) shaft; (tool) handle; backbone; base
to go by; to go past; to run (between; of a rail service, bus route, etc.); to operate (between); to go indoors; to go into a room; to penetrate
filtration; filtering; percolation
purification; cleanup (e.g. of politics); purge
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
nature; natural; spontaneous; naturally; spontaneously
art; technique; means; way; trick; trap
equation; formula; ceremony; style; (arch.) enforcement regulations (of the ritsuryo)
to be furnished with; to be provided with; to be possessed of; to be endowed with; to be among; to be one of
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
leaf; blade (of grass); (pine) needle
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to have (e.g. lunch); to take (e.g. vitamins)
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
cloth; bujian (spade-shaped bronze coin of ancient China)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
paints; painting material
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
magical powers; supernatural powers; spell; charm
to breathe out; to breathe; to tell (a lie); to use (foul language); to vomit; to throw up
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
demon; devil; evil spirit; -crazed person; -obsessed person; fiend
tool; means; ingredients (added to soup, rice, etc.); counter for sets of armor, utensils, furniture, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
appointing to a responsible post; making much of
paint; coloring materials; colors; colours