that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
far; distant; distant (past); remote (in time); distant (relationship or kinship); having little to do (with someone); far (from something else in quality, degree, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
memory; recollection; remembrance; storage
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
origin; source; beginning; starting point
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to repeat; to do something over again
some; several; many; how many; how much; very
10^8; 100,000,000; hundred million
order; item (of a budget revision, etc.); counter for go pieces; counter for surrounded positions (in go)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
silver hair; gray hair; grey hair
little girl; maiden; young lady; (arch.) female between 17 and 20 years old (ritsuryo period)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to open; to undo; to bloom; to unfold; to open (for business, e.g. in the morning); to be wide (gap, etc.); to widen
beginning; outset; first; onset
field of vision; visibility; view; visual field; (one's) ken
to project; to reflect; to cast (shadow)
one face; one surface; the whole surface; one aspect; one side; (on) the other hand; one broad, flat object
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
pure white; blank (e.g. mind, paper)
to dye; to colour; to color
sky; the air; weather; far-off place; distant place; state of mind; feeling
top and bottom; high and low; going up and down; rising and falling; going and coming back; upper and lower classes
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
left and right; right and left; (asserting) control; influence; one's attendants; people accompanying one
as far as the eye can see
anywhere; for all time; through thick and thin; come hell or high water; persistently; stubbornly
white; innocence; innocent person; blank space; white go stone; white dragon tile; skewered grilled pig intestine
to continue; to last; to continue (without a break); to be unbroken; to occur again and again; to lead to; to connect to
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
to resound; to be heard far away; to reverberate; to shake; to come (home); to remain (with someone)
one's last moment; one's death; one's end
child; kid; (one's) child; offspring; young (animal); young woman; offshoot
crackling; cracking; clapping; incessantly (blinking)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
blink (of eyes); wink; twinkling (of stars); flicker (of light); blink (of light)
surroundings; environs; circumference
to look out over; to survey (scene); to take an extensive view of
head (of a household, etc.); leader; owner; proprietor; subject (of a rumour, etc.); doer (of a deed); guardian spirit (e.g. long-resident beast, usu. with mystical powers)