this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
natural (e.g. talent); innate; inborn; inherent
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
jewel; gem; gem (of a story, essay, etc.); accomplished work; beautiful piece
by means of; due to; because of; according to
acquisition; obtaining; gaining possession; purchase
rare; uncommon; rare; lightly cooked; rhea (bird of family Rheidae); Rhea (Greek goddess)
degree (angle, temperature, scale, etc.); counter for occurrences; strength (of glasses); glasses prescription; alcohol content (percentage); alcohol by volume; extent
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
necessary; needed; essential; necessity; need; requirement
frame; framework; border; box; limit; restriction; category
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
eight; eight years of age; two o'clock (old time system)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to be decided; to be settled; to be unchanging; to be the same (as always); to be a fixed rule; to be destined; to be well executed (of a manoeuvre in a sport, game, etc.)
old person; senior citizen; the aged; the elderly
to teach; to instruct; to tell; to inform; to preach
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
Japanese person; Japanese people
life; living; I; me; student
antiquity; the previous era
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
be considered; be deemed; be thought to be
consequence; outcome; result; blame
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
to recall; to remember; to recollect
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...