indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
name; given name; first name
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
holly olive (Osmanthus heterophyllus); false holly; holly; spotnape ponyfish (Leiognathus nuchalis)
special; particular; peculiar; unique
senior high school; high school
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to go to and from (a place); to go back and forth between; to go to (school, work, etc.); to attend; to circulate (e.g. blood, electricity); to be communicated (e.g. thought)
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
life; living; I; me; student
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
although I say; although one might say; although called
cartoon; comic; comic strip; manga
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
person; -er; (arch.) expert; (arch.) geisha; (arch.) prostitute
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
space alien; alien; extraterrestrial being
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
mess; sorry state; -ways; -wards; in the act of ...; just as one is ...
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
what is called; as it is called; the so-called; so to speak
entertainer (esp. boy band or girl group member) whose image is manufactured to cultivate a dedicated consumer fan following; Japanese idol; (cultural) icon; idol; idol (object of worship); image
rearing; training; nurture; cultivation; promotion
educational institution; school; academy; campus
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
female high-school student
natural; reasonable; obvious; usual; common; ordinary
like; similar to; as with; in the same way
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
average; medium; mid-grade (item); regular grade; same level as; equal to
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
all one's power (strength, energy, efforts); one's utmost
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then