with the exception of; excepting; excluding
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
territory; dominion; grounds (e.g. school)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to govern; to manage; to subdue
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
actually; in fact; as a matter of fact
living; life (one's daily existence); livelihood
concerning; regarding; per (e.g. 100 yen per person); for every
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon
immediately; right away; at once; instantly
to deliver; to extradite; to stretch across; to hand over
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation
it is not (like that) either
present condition; existing state; status quo; current state
royal capital; imperial capital
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
local governor (Edo period); local magistrate; bailiff; deputy official (middle ages); acting administrator
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
inspection (for compliance); investigation (tax, etc.)
government service; the bureaucracy
dispatch; despatch; deployment; temporary employee (esp. from an agency); temporary worker; agency temp
town; block; downtown; main street; street; road
investigation; examination; inquiry; enquiry; survey
to perform; to do; to conduct oneself; to carry out
result; consequence; coming to fruition; bearing fruit; as a result; consequently
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to take over; to hand over
from now on; after this; in the future; from here; from this point
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
busy; occupied; hectic; restless; hurried; fidgety
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
educational institution; school; academy; campus
attendance (at school); going to school
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to convey; to report; to transmit; to communicate; to tell; to impart
to get angry; to become perverse
to be visible; to be clear; to be evident; to be certain
as ... as one can; as ... as possible; as much as possible