indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
time passes; the days and months go by; the months roll on
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
thirteen; 13; king (playing card)
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
growth; development; growing up; growth (of a company, the economy, etc.)
height (of body); stature
centimeter; centimetre; centi-; 10^-2; sentimental
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to cross over; to cross; to pass through; to exceed; to surpass; to be more (than)
small quantity; little; little while; short distance
to look (sound, behave) grown-up; to be adult-like; to mature
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
town; block; downtown; main street; street; road
development; growth; development (of a situation, story, etc.); advancement; playing around; having an active sex life
to remain; to abide; to stay (in the one place); to be limited to; to be confined to; to only account for
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
all people; everybody; ten thousand people
little less than; slightly fewer than; just under; weakness; the weak
to descend (e.g. a mountain); to go down; to alight (e.g. from bus); to get off; to step down; to retire; to be granted
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to spread; to extend; to unfold; to open; to scatter about; to spread around
division; section; compartment; block; plot; lot
sorting; arrangement; liquidation; settlement; retrenchment; curtailment
by (means of); by doing; due to; via; through
new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date
residence; housing; residential building
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to stand in a row (e.g. shops on a street); to line in a row; to line
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
heresy; evil ways; sorcery; black magic; netherworld; world outside the six realms where evil spirits roam
tool; means; ingredients (added to soup, rice, etc.); counter for sets of armor, utensils, furniture, etc.
shop; store; somebody who sells (something) or works as (something); somebody with a (certain) personality trait; house; roof
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
attraction; lure; invitation
via; through; by doing; by means of; using
great; grand; extensive; large-scale