indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
height (of body); stature
centimeter; centimetre; centi-; 10^-2; sentimental
degree; amount; grade; standard; of the order of (following a number); about
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to stretch; to extend; to straighten out; to be flattened; to spread (of paint, cream, etc.); to stretch out (e.g. of a hand); to extend
silver hair; gray hair; grey hair
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
pretty; lovely; clean; clear; completely; entirely
to collect; to gather; to arrange; to put in order; to make uniform; to make even
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
very; considerably; by no means; not readily; middle; half-way point
handsome youth (male); pretty boy
at last; finally; barely; narrowly; just
registration; accession; register; entry; record
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
number one; first; best; most; game; round
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to mutter; to murmur; to grumble; to tweet (Twitter)
at once; immediately; without delay; promptly
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to greet; to call out (to); to invite; to get in touch (with); to cheer (on); to give vocal support (to)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
considerably; fairly; quite
to look (sound, behave) grown-up; to be adult-like; to mature
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to be lucky; to be in luck; to be attached; to have; to be included
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
twelve; 12; queen (playing card)
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
to work; to labor; to function; to operate; to commit (e.g. a crime); to perpetrate
now; soon; already; yet; further; more