exemption; exoneration; discharge
fixed; settled; constant; definite; uniform; regularized
return of something; repayment
scholarship; stipend; bursary; student loan
in short; in a word; to sum up; to put it simply; to make a long story short; after all
to keep; to preserve; to hold; to last; to endure; to keep well (food)
deviation value (usu. scaled to mean of 50, standard deviation of 10, and often used for academic grades); deviation; T-score; standard score
system; institution; organization; organisation
household economy; family finances
free (of charge); gratuitous
difference; distinction; discrepancy; mistake; error
to be surprising; to be shocking; to be jaw-dropping
merit system (as opposed to seniority); meritocracy; ability-ism
personification; impersonation; embodiment
outside daimyo; non-Tokugawa daimyo; outsider; one not included in the favored (favoured) group
to raise (esp. overhead); to brandish (e.g. sword); to flourish; to wield (e.g. power, authority); to proclaim one's principles
harm; injury; evil (influence)
publicly; openly; ostensibly; formally
throughout; over a period of ...; over a span of ...
moth orchid (Phalaenopsis aphrodite)
close to the wall; alongside the wall
how many years; how long; what year
to quieten down; to fall silent; to cease activities; to become inactive; to lie low
gift; boon; (good) result; fruit (e.g. of one's efforts)
consideration; concern; fear; worry; solicitude
to become possible; to become able to (do)
even; (if) only; just; besides; on top of that
tranquil; calm; restful; peaceful; quiet
Sachertorte; chocolate cake filled with apricot jam and topped with chocolate icing
brilliance; polish; lustre; luster; glossy finish (of photographs)
bringing; taking; carrying
light; well-lit; bright (of a colour); brightly-coloured; cheerful; bright; encouraging (for the future of a project, etc.)
one plot (of land); one block (i.e. one city block); one area; one brush stroke; one kanji stroke
to be frowned on; to invite frowns of disapproval; to displease (people); to disgust
donation; contribution; endowment
to be piled up; to lie on top of one another; to come one after another; to happen over and over; to overlap (each other); to occur at the same time