each field; various circles
contributing cause; exciting cause; incentive; motive
medicine; agent; (chemical) substance; drug; dose
poor; low-grade; load; pack; packhorse
some; any; please; anyway; anyhow
to vitalize (e.g. an industry); to invigorate; to energize; to establish (e.g. a company); to build up; to set up
standard; basis; principle
on the other hand; at the same time
windy; windswept; receive harsh treatment
citizenship; civic rights; civil rights; widespread acceptance; social recognition; common use
national costume; folk costume; native dress; traditional dress
Western-style clothes (cf. traditional Japanese clothes)
founder; originator; pioneer
industrial (manufacturing, factory) town or city
exclusive; exclusionary; restrictive; clannish
university or college offering four-year programs; the big four ...; the four major ...
workshop; studio; atelier
high-end residential area; affluent neighbourhood
disparaging term; derogatory term; derogatory name
flatly rejecting; curtly refusing; beating easily; defeating handily; one kick
(political) violence; violent tactics used by political radicals
to look down on; to condescend
to make a pass at; to hit on; to call out to (in an attempt to seduce)
to be furnished with; to be provided with; to be possessed of; to be endowed with; to be among; to be one of
to change completely; to change suddenly
fear; horror; risk; danger; awe; reverence
growing impudent; becoming arrogant; getting stuck-up; becoming more severe; increasing
need; want; necessity; expenses; cost
to fall down (e.g. off a chair); to slip down (e.g. one's eyeglasses); to make a fool of oneself; to whoop it up; to be on the spree
Morse code (esp. signalling)
somehow; for some reason; in some way; vaguely
to get (someone's) help; to ask for help
repeated occurrence; frequently occurring
discord; (on) bad terms (with)
to expel (from the body); to let off (a fart); to utter (a lie, nonsense, etc.); to say; to do
above the clouds; heaven; the Imperial Court; something unreachable; place of out of reach