companion; fellow; group; company; member of the same category (family, class)
to defend oneself; to protect oneself
slow; time-consuming; late (in the day); towards the end (of the day or night); later (than expected or usual); late
management; (executive) staff; leaders; leadership; top brass; upper echelons
to pass; to elapse; to pass through; to go through; to experience; to go through
systematic; organized; organizational
management; dealing with; course of events; circumstances; end result (usu. bad); outcome
tough guy; wild one; fearless fighter
every region of the country; all corners of the country; nationwide
role; assignment; position (of responsibility); post; part (in a play, film, etc.); role
to carry on one's shoulder; to shoulder; to bear; to bear (burden, responsibility, etc.); to take upon oneself
subjugation (using military force); suppression; subduing
corresponding to (in meaning, function, etc.); being equivalent to; appropriate; suitable; to be proportionate to; to be in keeping with
(picture) frame; framed picture; amount (esp. of money); sum
getting mixed up in; getting embroiled in; involvement; entanglement; by-blow
ingredient; (raw) material; unprocessed timber; raw timber; subject matter; topic
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to deep-fry
strict; severe; stern; rigid; rigorous; tough
invisible writing revealed by applying heat; writing done in invisible ink
to speed; to tear away; to skip over (e.g. pages)
top brass; upper echelon; higher-ups; top management; upper reaches; top of the pile
one's own judgement (judgment); decision made without consulting others; arbitrary decision; dogmatism
actually; really; truly; in practice; practically
willingness (e.g. to do something); eagerness; motivation; inspiration; determination; high aspirations
to decide the outcome (e.g. game); to be very different; to be sharply contrasted
transport; transportation
in; on; at (place); as for; regarding
being very active; being very useful; playing a very active part; making a spectacular showing; great efforts; splendid work
change in pronunciation or meaning of a word; sound change; word with an altered pronunciation or meaning; turning or twisting part of a text (in Chinese poetry)
many; much; majority (of); greater part (of); mostly; mainly
wherein; therein; thereinto
route; path; channel (e.g. sales, distribution)
usual; normal; everyday; usually; normally; generally
to spend time (on doing something)
careful; scrupulous; thorough; conscientious; elaborate; deliberate
use; utilization; utilisation; application
clanging; banging; throbbing (headache); pounding; fully; vigorously
shortening; contraction; reduction; curtailment; abbreviation
self-defense; self-defence
large country; major nation; great power; province of the highest rank (ritsuryo system)
war potential; military strength; fighting power; ability (to compete); capabilities; valuable asset
meagre; meager; scarce; limited; destitute; hard up