to summon; to call (e.g. phone); to convene; to invoke (e.g. subroutine); to call; to open (e.g. a file)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
again; once more; a second time
spring; springtime; New Year; prime (of life); height (of one's prosperity); adolescence
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
now; the present time; just now; another; more
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
royal capital; imperial capital
circumference; outskirts; environs; (computer) peripheral
calm; quiet; gentle; moderate; reasonable; amicable
cold (e.g. weather); uninteresting (esp. joke); lame; dull
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
such; like that; that sort of; very
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
wholly; solely; entirely; principally; mostly; chiefly
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to stay indoors; to be confined indoors
spirit; sprite; energy; vigor (vigour); fine details; semen
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
portion; potion (e.g. magical)
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
to be amazed; to be shocked; to be astonished; to be astounded; to be disgusted; to be exasperated
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
to greet; to call out (to); to invite; to get in touch (with); to cheer (on); to give vocal support (to)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
giving and taking; exchange (of letters); arguing back and forth; (conversational) exchange
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
how many times; how many degrees (temperature, angle, etc.)
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
don't you think?; indicates question