indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
chip; microchip; chip (in poker, roulette, etc.); casino token; chip (shot); (wood) chip
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
concerning; regarding; per (e.g. 100 yen per person); for every
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
participation; taking part in; participating in; being concerned in
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to decide to; to pretend that; to make a practice of doing; to make it a rule to
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
to fall into disgrace with; to incur someone's displeasure
joke; pun; jest; smartly dressed; stylish; fashion-conscious
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
by the way; in this connection; incidentally; in passing
how long; how far; how much
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
100,000; hundred thousand
approximately; about; to (about) the extent that; (almost) enough that; as ... as ...; like
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
small quantity; little; little while; short distance
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
mind; heart; spirit; the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)
to shake; to sway; to waver
lodging; inn; house; home; home of a servant's parents (or guarantor, etc.)
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
counter for flat objects (e.g. sheets of paper); (arch.) counter for positions or roles; (arch.) counter for food portions (now only gyōza and soba); counter for ranking level
change; conversion; transformation; transformation
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
10,000; ten thousand; myriad; everything; all; (arch.) various
to take (a resource, e.g. time or money); to hang; to come into view; to arrive; to come under (a contract, a tax); to start (engines, motors); to attend
to put back; to return; to vomit; to throw up; to recover (of a market price)
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me