Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date
to request; to beg; to call; to order; to entrust to; to rely on
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
after a long time; for the first time in a while
at leisure; in a relaxed manner; in a carefree manner; quietly; peacefully
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
(not) particularly; (not) especially; (not) specially; separately; apart; additionally
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
feeling; sensation; preparedness; readiness; thought; sentiment
question (e.g. on a test); problem; problem (e.g. societal, political); question; question (i.e. doubt); public discussion
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
(for something) to have occurred; to have done (something); (for something) to happen on occasion
state; condition; situation; appearance; circumstances
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
remainder; remnant; (not) very; (not) much; too much; excessively
to be absent; to take a day off; to rest; to have a break; to go to bed; to (lie down to) sleep
to feel (as if); to have a feeling (that); to have a hunch (that); to feel like doing; to want to do
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
that's the way it is; such is life
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
root (of a plant); root (of a tooth, hair, etc.); center (of a pimple, etc.); root (of all evil, etc.); source; one's true nature
serious; honest; sober; grave; earnest; steady
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
I see; that's right; indeed
to nod; to bow one's head in assent; to agree
denial; negation; negation (logic); NOT operation
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...