indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
inquiry; enquiry; investigation; (police) interview; questioning (e.g. witness, suspect); hearing
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to contain; to comprise; to hold in the mouth; to bear in mind; to understand; to express (emotion, etc.)
intelligence gathering; information gathering
by means of; due to; because of; according to
origin; source; base; basis; cause; ingredient; material
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
outline; main points; generally; on the whole; general; rough
to determine (esp. a culprit or underlying cause); to pin down; to ascertain; (arch.) to stab to death
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
small quantity; little; little while; short distance
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
Saint; St.; S.; sacred; holy; pure
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
seeming ...; appearing ...; -ish; like a ...; typical of ...
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
foreign country; other country; another province; strange land; alien land
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
still; even now; to this day
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
once; one time; temporarily; for a moment; one degree; one tone
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
necessary; needed; essential; necessity; need; requirement
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
whether one likes it or not; willy-nilly
recently; lately; these days; nearest; closest