here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
cavern; cave; cave system; grotto
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to set foot into; to enter; to step inside; to cross the threshold
to be late; to be delayed; to fall behind (in a race, one's studies, etc.); to lag behind; to be bereaved of; to be preceded by (someone) in death
to follow; to pursue; to die right after a loved one; to kill oneself after the death of a loved one; to follow an example set by earlier generations (or one's master, etc.)
party (gathering, celebration, etc.); party (group, political, etc.)
the number of people; many people; a large number of people; (counted as an) adult
all; entire; whole; altogether
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
investigation; examination; inquiry; enquiry; survey
request; commission; entrusting (with a matter); dependence; reliance
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
to come along; to come around; to turn up; to arrive at the present; to get where one is; to have been doing something (for a period of time)
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey!; wait a minute!; whoa!; boohoo; waaaa
to be careful; to pay attention; to take care
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
supposing; even if; granting that; temporarily; provisionally; for the time being
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
adds force or indicates command
what kind of; what sort of; what; no matter what (kind of); whatever; any
snare; trap (for catching wild game, etc.); trap (i.e. ruse, subterfuge, etc.)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
there's no knowing; there's no telling; it's anyone's guess; who knows?
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
worry; concern; anxiety; care; help; aid
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
particularly; especially; in particular; expressly
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to