honorific/polite/humble prefix
father-in-law; foster father; stepfather
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
older sister; elder sister; young lady; miss; ma'am; older girl
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
please (give me); please (do for me)
adds force or indicates command
to cover; to hide; to conceal; to wrap; to disguise
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
racing noisily (in a car, motorcycle, etc.); roaring (e.g. down the street)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
just managing; with great difficulty
to catch up (with); to draw level; to pull even; to be compensated; to make up for one's losses
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
sour (expression); (lit.) as if having swallowed a bitter bug
(outward) looks; features; face; countenance; expression
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
facial expression; countenance; look; appearance; expression (vocal, etc.)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
to turn toward; to look (up, down, etc.); to face (e.g. east) (of a building, window, etc.); to look out on; to point (of an arrow, compass needle, etc.); to be suited to
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
(some) more; even more; longer; further
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
to run; to run (of a vehicle); to drive; to rush (to); to dash; to retreat; to flee
(cute) suffix for familiar person; cute adjective form
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to request; to beg; to call; to order; to entrust to; to rely on
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
chasing one another; playing tag
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
to lose; to be defeated; to succumb; to give in; to be inferior to; to break out in a rash due to (e.g. lacquer, shaving, etc.)
in that way; thus; so; so?
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
while; during; while; although; all; both