indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
request; commission; entrusting (with a matter); dependence; reliance
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
various; all sorts of; variety of; (arch.) various colors (colours)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
legendary beast; magical beast
subjugation (using military force); suppression; subduing
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
picking; collecting; harvesting
investigation; examination; inquiry; enquiry; survey
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
nursemaid; nanny; babysitter; child-minding; babysitting
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to digest; to break down; to break to pieces; to be able to use; to be good at; to finish; to complete
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to rise; to go up; to enter (esp. from outdoors); to come in; to enter (a school); to advance to the next grade; to get out (of water)
card (information, filing, etc.); card (greetings, congratulations, etc.); (Western) playing cards; credit card; debit card; match; game
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
graduation; completion (of a course); moving on (from); outgrowing (something); leaving (a group, company, etc.)
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to stick; to paste; to stretch; to spread; to form (e.g. ice on a pond); to fill; to swell
written request; request for ...; application for ...
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
black; black go stone; guilt; guilty person
purple; violet; Lithospermum erythrorhizon (species of gromwell); type of soy sauce
which way; which direction; which one (esp. of two alternatives); who
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
to give the stamp of approval
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
but (still); and yet; nevertheless; even so; notwithstanding
negligence; carelessness; inattention; unpreparedness
failure; mistake; blunder
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing