today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
two persons; two people; pair; couple
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
royal castle; imperial castle
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to invite; to ask; to beckon; to wave someone in; to call in; to send for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
going through; going via; going by way of
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
to be delighted; to be glad; to congratulate; to gratefully accept
consent; approval; acceptance; agreement; compliance
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
to take someone (to some place); to take someone along; to lead someone away
reply (e.g. email, fax, letter); answer
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
to visit; to call on; to arrive (season, time, situation, etc.); to come; (arch.) to make a sound; (arch.) to send a letter
rubbish; trash; garbage; refuse
mountain; hill; mine (e.g. coal mine); heap; pile; crown (of a hat); thread (of a screw)
as you were; return to your original position!; er, rather
important; serious; valuable; precious; serious matter; major incident
study; research; investigation
finally; after; following; at the end (of)
to throw away; to abandon
failed creative work; flop; dud; bomb
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to surround; to encircle; to besiege; to lay siege to; to play (go, shogi, etc.)
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
to spread; to extend; to unfold; to open; to scatter about; to spread around
(good) result; outcome; fruits (of one's labors); product; accomplishment
concerning; regarding; per (e.g. 100 yen per person); for every
hot (thing); passionate (feelings, etc.); ardent; hot (e.g. temper); zealous; enthusiastic; intense
discussion; discourse; lecture; sermon
to exchange (messages, greetings, arguments, etc.); to intersect; to cross; ... with one another; ... to each other
exterior; packaging; cladding; armor (armour); arm
very; awfully; exceedingly; (not) at all; by no means; simply (cannot)