battle standard decorated with hanging strips of paper or leather; fireman's standard (Edo period)
clothes; garment; gown; robe; coating (e.g. glaze, batter, icing)
original; unique; distinctive; independent; one's own; personal
occasionally; once in a while; seldom; casually; unexpectedly; accidentally
to buy; to purchase; to value; to have a high opinion; to stir; to provoke
teacher; instructor; professor
candidate; contender; prospect; candidacy; candidature; nomination
war; battle; match; game; competition
to be added to; to be appended; to join in (e.g. a group of friends); to participate; to increase (e.g. heat); to gain in (e.g. influence)
to grow timid; to cower; to become perverse; to become contrary; to be cramped; to be constrained
care; kea (Nestor notabilis)
premature joy; short-lived elation
sorry; excuse me; thank you
to swell; to rise; to bulge; to rouse; to get excited
for the first time; only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ...; first time; (one's) first
large; big; older; senior; final; ultimate
to carry to extremes; to go to the end of something; to investigate thoroughly; to master
to express (orally); to put into words; to say out loud
consideration; guess; conjecture; judgment; judgement
avenue; street; coming and going; street traffic; flow (of water, air, etc.); transmission (of sound); reach (e.g. of voice)
to be disappointed; to be dejected; to be downhearted; to feel exhausted; to feel drained
when it comes to ...; concerning; where ... are concerned
level; standard; level (plane); floor; spirit level; (surveyor's) level
to shoot (at); to attack; to defeat; to destroy
to be enthusiastic about; to be eager; to be keen
gradually; by degrees; little by little; steps; stairs; staircase
to grow cold (from room temperature, e.g. in refrigerator); to get chilly; to cool down
whole life; a lifetime; all through life; (the only, the greatest, etc.) of one's life
(shout of) encouragement; cheering; rooting; support
to be visible; to be clear; to be evident; to be certain
to feel down; to feel sad; to be in a slump (business, economy, etc.); to be in an unfavourable condition; to fall into (e.g. a hole)
to anyone; to everyone; by anyone; by everyone; in everyone; in anyone
coercion; extortion; compulsion; force
before one knows; before one becomes aware of; unnoticed; unawares
seiza; kneeling with the tops of the feet flat on the floor, and sitting on the soles
five; five years of age; eight o'clock (old time system)
to be lucky; to be in luck; to be attached; to have; to be included
study; research; investigation
to advance; to go forward; to precede; to go ahead (of); to make progress; to improve; to deepen
unclear; obscure; unknown; unidentified; ignorance; lack of wisdom
treatment; service; handling (of a machine, tool, etc.); operation; treating as; treating like
I'm sorry; my apologies; may I come in?; permission; leave; dismissal
unable to stay (on); unable to endure being somewhere a second longer; feel like running away
with a start; in surprise; suddenly (realize, remember, etc.); all of a sudden; puffing (air); with a puff
to raise one's face; to lift one's head; to raise one's eyes
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good