cool breeze; cool air; refreshing coolness
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
to calm down; to compose oneself; to calm down; to settle down; to settle down (in a location, job, etc.); to settle in; to be settled
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
please (give me); please (do for me)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
death; decease; (arch.) death penalty (by strangulation or decapitation); (an) out
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to tell; to inform; to announce; to indicate; to signal; to mark
telephone call; phone call; telephone (device); phone
second-year student; biennial
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
only; merely; approximately; about; just (finished, etc.); as if to; (as though) about to
university; college; former central university of Kyoto (established under the ritsuryo system for the training of government administrators); the Great Learning (one of the Four Books)
temporary absence from school
home area; home town; local
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
family business; family trade; one's occupation; one's trade
to succeed (a person, to a position, etc.); to inherit; to patch (clothes); to mend; to add (e.g. charcoal to the fire); to replenish with
though; although; be that as it may; nonetheless
being unfamiliar with a locality; not knowing one's way around; (lit.) not knowing one's right hand from the left; being clueless
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
special duty; being in sole charge of a duty; senior managing director; executive director
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
company president; manager; director
company employee; member of a corporation; company stockholder (esp. in legal contexts)
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
as a child; when one was a child
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
to play (games, sports); to enjoy oneself; to mess about (with alcohol, gambling, philandery, etc.); to be idle; to do nothing; to meet up (with friends); to hang out
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
pay; salary; wages; allowance; grant; supply
number one; first; best; most; game; round
below; down; bottom; beneath; underneath; just after; right after
particularly; especially; in particular; expressly
circumference; girth; surroundings; neighbourhood; people surrounding oneself; surrounding circumstances
to antagonize; to provoke antipathy
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work