indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
early dawn; grey of morning; gray of morning
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to begin to fall (rain, etc.)
by means of; due to; because of; according to
slightly; lightly; thinly; faintly; dimly
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
white; innocence; innocent person; blank space; white go stone; white dragon tile; skewered grilled pig intestine
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be dyed; to be tainted; to be infected; to be stained
centre; center; middle; capital; seat of government
various countries; various regions; various provinces
to be called ...; to be referred to as ...
economic bloc; ecosystem (of services, goods, etc. within a company or consortium)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
center; centre; middle; -centered; -centred; -focused
avenue; street; coming and going; street traffic; flow (of water, air, etc.); transmission (of sound); reach (e.g. of voice)
to be (in contrast to something that is not the case)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
(not) ever; (not) by any means; (not) in the least; (not) in any way; (not) at all
many; numerous; large amount of; large quantity of; frequent; common
whole; entirety; whatever (is the matter)
business conditions; the market; good (economic) times; prosperity; liveliness; energy
(suffer) deterioration; growing worse; aggravation; degeneration; corruption
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
(abstract) symbol; emblem; representation
north and south; north to south; South Korea and North Korea
to go through; to pierce; to run through (e.g. a river through a city); to pass through; to stick to (opinion, principles, etc.); to carry out
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
to arrive (at one's destination); to reach; to come to a head; to reach a conclusion; to culminate (in)
point; tip; head (of a line); front; first; before; (the way) ahead
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
emperor (of Japan); mikado
castle (in place names); castle; fortress
head (of a household, etc.); leader; owner; proprietor; subject (of a rumour, etc.); doer (of a deed); guardian spirit (e.g. long-resident beast, usu. with mystical powers)
counter for generations; epoch
administration; government; administrator; governor