bone; frame; outline; core; backbone; spirit
-ian (e.g. Italian); -ite (e.g. Tokyoite); -er (e.g. performer, etc.); person working with ...; man; person
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
corpse; kanji "corpse" radical
food; foodstuff; eating; appetite; meal; portion
ogre; demon; spirit of a deceased person; ogre-like person (i.e. fierce, relentless, merciless, etc.); it (in a game of tag, hide-and-seek, etc.); Chinese "ghost" constellation (one of the 28 mansions); very
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to aim at (for, to do, to become); to try for; to have an eye on; to go toward; to head for
first of all; at once; right away; for now; for the time being
policy; course; plan (of action); magnetic needle
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
in that way; thus; so; so?
to decide; to choose; to clinch (a victory); to decide (the outcome of a match); to persist in doing; to go through with; to always do
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
question (e.g. on a test); problem; problem (e.g. societal, political); question; question (i.e. doubt); public discussion
(what) the heck; (why) in the world; one object; one body; one form; one style
now; the present time; just now; another; more
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
how long; how far; how much
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
I've heard that ...; rumour has it that ...; it appears as if ...
originally; by nature; from the start
association; union; guild
lowest seat; foot of the table; seat furthest from the seat of honour; lowest rank; bottom (e.g. of the class)
to put oneself in (situation, environment, etc.); to surround oneself with
copper (Cu); bronze (medal)
class (e.g. school); grade; rank; kyū; kyu; junior rank in martial arts, go, shogi, etc.
low rank; lower position; subordinate position; lower order (e.g. byte)
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
new face; newcomer; rookie; modern humans (from Cro-Magnon man onwards)
iron (Fe); strong and hard (as iron); railway; railway enthusiast
than; other than; except; but
how much; something over; and something; however (much); no matter how
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
better; preferable; more; increase; (arch.) increase; (arch.) growth
approximately; about; to (about) the extent that; (almost) enough that; as ... as ...; like