indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
surroundings; environs; circumference
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
scenery; scene; landscape
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon
circumference; girth; surroundings; neighbourhood; people surrounding oneself; surrounding circumstances
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
a short while ago; a moment ago; just now; some time ago
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
sewer; sewer system; sewerage; drain
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
cavern; cave; cave system; grotto
to go to ruin; to go under; to fall; to be destroyed; to die out; to become extinct
town; city; municipal; urban
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
cave; hollow; cavity; hollow
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
wall; partition; barrier; obstacle; Chinese "Wall" constellation (one of the 28 mansions)
many; much; plenty; hardly
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
royal capital; imperial capital
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to come along; to come around; to turn up; to arrive at the present; to get where one is; to have been doing something (for a period of time)
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
to differ; to vary; to disagree
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to accompany; to go with; to go together
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
particularly; especially; in particular; expressly
to find fault with; to question
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to stop; to turn off; to park; to prevent; to suppress (a cough); to stop (someone from doing something); to dissuade
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
in the first place; to begin with; after all; anyway; beginning; start
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.