indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to eat; to drink; to receive (e.g. a blow); to be on the receiving end (of something undesirable); to undergo (trouble)
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
as if nothing had happened
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
state; condition; situation; appearance; circumstances
silver (Ag); silver coin; money; silver medal; silver colour; silver color; bank
magic; witchcraft; sorcery; spell
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to gulp down; to swallow deeply; to understand; to take in; to engulf; to swallow up
even though; despite; when
considerable; great; important; significant; a big deal
companion; partner; other party; addressee; opponent (sports, etc.)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
as one would expect; naturally; indeed; still; all the same; after all
defense; defence; safeguard; protection
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
seeming to be; appearing to be; like; similar to; in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
average; medium; mid-grade (item); regular grade; same level as; equal to
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
above; up; top; summit; surface; before; previous
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
destruction; disruption; (application) crash
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
power; might; authority; influence
very; considerably; by no means; not readily; middle; half-way point
interesting; fascinating; amusing; funny; enjoyable; fun
surprise attack; surprise visit; catching a person off guard
adds force or indicates command
honour; honor; glory; privilege
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
such; this sort of; like this
how; in what way; how about
with these words; while saying
straight (ahead); direct; upright; straightforward; honest; frank
to thrust (something) into (something); to cram; to plunge into; to charge into; to delve into (a matter); to go into depth; to press (someone) about