indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
prince; subordinate Kumano shrine
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
whole army; whole team; all armies; all teams
whole; all; general; gross; entire; overall
command; control; commander
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
dukedom; duchy; principality
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to leave; to go away; to pass; to elapse; to be distant; to send away; to drive off
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to offer; to propose; to suggest; to put forward; to request; to ask (for)
introduction; presentation; referral; listing
to return (something); to restore; to turn over; to turn upside down; to pay back; to retaliate; to respond (with)
to put; to place; to leave (behind); to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up; to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
that kind of; of the sort; of the kind; such
busy; occupied; hectic; restless; hurried; fidgety
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to refuse; to reject; to inform; to give notice; to ask leave; to excuse oneself (from)