if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
continent; continental Asia (esp. mainland China); continental Europe
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
one o'clock; once; at one time; for a time; for a while; a time
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
tranquil; calm; restful; peaceful; quiet
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
reception; acceptance; enjoyment; being given
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
war; fighting; fierce competition
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
each nation; many nations; many countries
together; jointly; at the same time; with; both
domestic affairs; internal administration
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to concentrate one's effort (on something)
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
feudal domain (Edo and early Meiji periods, precursor to current prefectures); fiefdom; province
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
arrest; apprehension; capture
prime minister; premier; chancellor
your Excellency; his Excellency; her Excellency
ordinary; common; commonplace; mediocre; unremarkable; undistinguished
past middle age; nearing old age; near-elderly; age 40
man; male; masculine gender
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
residence; estate; grounds; premises; mansion
to go uninvited; to call on without an invitation; to barge in on; to throng to; to crowd into; to converge upon
(common) soldier; rank and file; army; troops; warfare; strategy
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend