state of affairs (around you); situation; circumstances
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
space (between); gap; period of time (during, while); duration; between (two parties or things); among (a group); relations (between)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to face; to go towards; to head towards
on the way; en route; in the middle of; midway; halfway
while; during; while; although; all; both
to ask; to enquire; to inquire; to search; to look for; to look into
silver; senior citizen; pensioner
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
to move; to stir; to operate; to run; to make a move; to take action; to be touched
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
civil war; insurrection; rebellion; domestic conflict
foreign country; other country; another province; strange land; alien land
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
somewhere; anywhere; in some respects
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
to come alive; to get going; to start to move
serious; severe; grave; acute
northern part; the north (of a region)
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
union; alliance; combination; RENGO (Japanese Trade Union Confederation)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
oneself; oneself; for oneself; personally
main body (of an army); main force; these troops
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
followers; subordinates; being under someone's command
to lead; to spearhead (a group); to command (troops)
army; armed forces; military authorities; team; group
great army; mighty host; whole army
to use; to make use of; to utilize; to utilise
encirclement; encircling net; tight besiegement