father (esp. used in samurai families prior to the Meiji period)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
accession to the throne; enthronement
whole year; entire year; n-th year anniversary
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to perform; to do; to conduct oneself; to carry out
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
town; city; municipal; urban
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
that day; the very same day
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
festival; feast; harassment by an Internet pitchfork mob; online shaming; galore (as in "goals galore"); frenzy
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to open; to undo; to bloom; to unfold; to open (for business, e.g. in the morning); to be wide (gap, etc.); to widen
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
ratio; proportion; match; equal; explicit comparison (style of the Shi Jing); Philippines
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
third day of the month; three days
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to end; to come to an end; to close; to finish
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
festival; feast; carnival
state; condition; situation; appearance; circumstances
I've heard that ...; rumour has it that ...; it appears as if ...
of course; certainly; naturally
due form; official; formality
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
it does not mean that ...; I don't mean that ...; it is not the case that
but (still); and yet; nevertheless; even so; notwithstanding
through; throughout; in the course of; all over or throughout (e.g. a place)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed