indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
letter; missive; note; mail
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to pass (of time); to elapse
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
finally; at last; barely; narrowly; gradually; little by little
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
long (distance, length); long (time); protracted; prolonged
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
thanks to ...; owing to ...; because of ...
preparation; arrangements; getting ready; provision; setup; reserving
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
outline; main points; generally; on the whole; general; rough
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to be ready; to be prepared; to be in order; to be put in order; to be adjusted; to be regulated
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
negotiations; discussions; connection
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
to finish; to end; to merely result in something less severe than expected; to feel at ease; to feel unease or guilt for troubling someone; to be sorry
behind closed doors; behind-the-scenes; (under the veil of) secrecy
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
practice; practising; exercises; manoeuvres; seminar (student debates, presentations, etc.); practicum
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
somewhere; anywhere; in some respects
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
after this; henceforth; henceforward; from now on
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you